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Sehenswertes/Übersicht |
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Fürsterzbischof Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau |
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| Er wollte er das Rom der Renaissancepäpste in Salzburg nachbauen. |
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| 1587 - 1672 († 1617) |
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On March 2, 1587 the Cathedral Chapter elected the youngest, scarcely 28-year-old canon, Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, to the archbishop's throne in the first voting. His father was the imperial colonel of Lochen Palace near Bregenz, his mother Countess of Hohenems by birth.
Having been educated at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome (Pope Pius IV was his great uncle) he was passionately drawn to the magnificence of Rome and intended to turn medieval Salzburg into the Rome of the Renaissance popes. But first he had to stabilize the archbishopric's economy by introducing a new taxation system. Another great concern was the implementation of the reform program advocated by the Council of Trent.
In 1598 an insignificant fire in one of the upper rooms of the old cathedral was cause enough for him to begin with demolition work to redesign the city. Fifty-five residents' homes had to give way as did the cathedral cemetery (today's Residence Square). The old bishop's manor was transformed into a modern residence befitting a Renaissance prince.
his new design of the city Wolf Dietrich called upon one of the leading architects, Vicenzo Scamozzi of Vicenza, who submitted his concept for a royal city in the Renaissance style. Wolf Dietrich immediately began to realize the project. Stately avenues and broad, generous squares were created. His royal stables (today's Festival Hall) were built in the garden of the former Peter's Convent. He built a magnificent palace on Michael's Square (today's Mozart Square) for his brother Hannibal, although he subsequently had it torn down again. He employed a number of Italian stucco-workers, architects and painters, of whom Francesco Vanni and Leandro Bassano were probably the most prominent. Elia Castello designed the new St. Sebastian's Cemetery on the other side of the Salzach River in the style of an Italian campo santo, selecting Gabriel's Chapel in its center as his final resting place. It was to be the only structure that he actually saw to completion. For the splendid decoration of his court he called numerous goldsmiths to Salzburg, including Hans Karl from Nuremberg, Hans Menz from Fulda, Paul Hübner from Augsburg and Jonas Ostertag, all of whom were contemporary international specialists. Hans Waldburger was the head of a large group of sculptors in Wolf Dietrich's employ.
Wolf Dietrich's political position was very unstable. He was continuously at odds with the Cathedral Chapter as well as with his neighbor, the Bavarian Duke Maximilian. The quarrel over the economic mainspring - the mining of salt - was to be his doom. Miscalculating the political strength of his opponent, he assaulted the ducal diocese of Berchtesgaden, whereupon the Bavarian duke marched into Salzburg and caused his overthrow.
Wolf Dietrich's relationship with Salzburg's Salome Alt, the daughter of a prominent burgher with whom he had fifteen children and for whom he built the Mirabell Palace and Mirabell Gardens (formerly Altenau) in 1606, is still the subject of legendary embellishments.
Afraid of Wolf Dietrich's continuing influence, his nephew, Markus Sittikus von Hohenems, who was elected as his successor held him as a "prisoner of the Pope" in the Hohensalzburg Fortress up to his death on January 16, 1617.
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